• Dr. Kim gave an oral talk on our Room Temperature Ambient Pressure Superconductor, CES-2023, at the American Physical Society (APS) March meeting in Anaheim Convention Center on March 21, 2025.

Summary: 1. quasi-1 dimensional superconductivity cannot have bulk high Tc, because the required intrinsic Josephson
                        coupling between superconducting filaments in 2-dimensional directions are not possible, as confirmed by
                        organic superconductors with chain structure.
                    2. Manufacturing issues and characterization issues for small samples and impure samples were discussed.
                    3. The composition of pure CES-2023 has been identified EDS. It is different from LK-99.
                        Lead (Pb) is the backbone of our CES-2023, as shown by the EDS Pb distribution mapping.

​=> 2-dimensional superconductivity of our room temperature ambient pressure superconductor, CES-2023, as shown in SEM image. 
=> On February 11, 2025, we did EDS (energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy) measurements of our room temperature superconductor, CES-2023. We identified the compositions of CES-2023 sample. We are ready for mass production. 
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Pellet with a diameter of 20mm, before heat treatment.

Some CES-2023 sample shows ceramic structure including pentagon shape.

Ferromagnetic whisker in a modified LK-99

Our low purity sample shows the superconducting transition at Tc = 104 degree C, in agreement with the previous result by quantum locking, based on the Meissner effect. Using the pure samples, resistance vs T will be measured soon.

For comparison, we show the Nobel Prize winning resistance vs T of LaBaCuO by Bednorz and Muller.

=> Weak superconducting diamagnetism of low purity CES-2023 sample, after subtracting paramagnetic matrix contribution. 
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